Collabarative learning community

It is Important to promote the professional role of the nurse to provide health promotion and disease preventive care. Collaborating with other health care professionals and consumer groups In the community In redesigning health care can help meet the goals for Healthy People 2020. Refer to http://www. healthypeople. gov/ to open the Healthy People home page. Select the â€Å"2020 Topics & Objectives† tab.Select one of the 42 â€Å"Healthy People† topic areas for improving health. Submit the proposed area to the instructor for approval. No group may work on the same focus area as another group. Develop a PowerPoint presentation (15-20 slides) with accompanying speaker's notes and citations. For help deslgnlng PowerPoint slides, refer to the tutorial listed In the Topic Materials. In the presentation, address the following: State the objective of the presentation.State the Healthy People 2020 focus area your group has selected and the rationale or selection of the specif ic focus area. Explain how the focus area relates to the individual, family and community and all age groups throughout the lifespan. Identify ways to enhance or optimize health in the selected focus area using evidence-based research. A minimum of three peer-reviewed articles must be utilized. Address the health disparity among different segments of the population for the selected focus area.Provide a brief description of at least two community resources and at least two ebsite resources for professionals and clients. Provide a brief profile of at least one health-related organization for the selected focus area While APA format is not required for the body of this assignment, solid academic writing is expected and in- text citations and references should be presented using APA documentation guidelines, which can be found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. This assignment uses a grading rubric.Instructors will be using the rubric to grade he assignment; therefore, students should review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the assignment criteria and expectations for successful completion of the assignment. collabarative learning community By Roopneetkaur It is important to promote the professional role of the nurse to provide health professionals and consumer groups in the community in redesigning health care can For help designing PowerPoint slides, refer to the tutorial listed in the Topic Collabarative Learning Community It is important to promote the professional role of the nurse to provide health promotion and disease preventive care. Collaborating with other health care professionals and consumer groups in the community in redesigning health care can help meet the goals for Healthy People 2020.Refer to http://www.healthypeople.gov/ to open the Healthy People home page.Select the â€Å"2020 Topics & Objectives† tab.Select one of the 42 â€Å"Healthy People† topic areas for improving health. Submit the proposed area to the instructor for approval. No group may work on the same focus area as another group. Develop a PowerPoint presentation (15-20 slides) with accompanying speaker's notes and citations.For help designing PowerPoint slides, refer to the tutorial listed in the Topic Materials.In the presentation, address the following:State the objective of the presentation.State the Healthy People 2020 focus area your group has selected and the rationale for selection of the specific foc us area. Explain how the focus area relates to the individual, family and community and all age groups throughout the lifespan. Identify ways to enhance or optimize health in the selected focus area using evidence-based research. A minimum of three peer-reviewed articles must be utilized. Address the health disparity among different segments of the population for the selected focus area. Provide a brief description of at least two community resources and at least two website resources for professionals and clients.Provide a brief profile of at least one health-related organization for the selected focus area. While APA format is not required for the body of this assignment, solid academic writing is expected and in-text citations and references should be presented using APA documentation guidelines, which can be found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center.This assignment uses a grading rubric. Instructors will be using the rubric to grade the assignment; ther efore, students should review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the assignment criteria and expectations for successful completion of the assignment.

Communication Sources of Education Essay

The objective of education should be to encourage the search for answers, since it is the only way to advance. Within the aim of advancement in knowledge, various facets incorporated within the teaching portfolio ensure the success of professional educators. To achieve success, educators have to lean on certain ideals to enable them better perform their duties as required. One of the main inclinations that would be crucial to the success of an educator would be showing concern about students. Apart from just teaching them, educators must show interest on aspects such as social, physical, emotional, and cognitive well-being (Capuzzi, 2012). Being alert to these facets not only help the educator teach effectively, but also enables the learning process to be smooth for students. In addition, students can better their current knowledge in given subjects, especially with support from their individual educators. Moreover, the practice accords the educators the opportunity to look in to, in an explorative manner, and challenge the existing educational policies. Literature Review A number of learning theories offer information, which can be quite instrumental in understanding the ability of students to learn within a classroom setting. Social cognitive theory by Albert Bandura was developed purposely with the aim of comprehending how students learn (Murphy, 2010). He felt that initial belief of rewards and behaviorism could not provide an understanding of the full process of human comprehension. His feelings were that people could learn through observation of actions of the others in certain situations. It was realized that his beliefs affect the modern classroom. The modern classroom is full of many factors, which affects students learning. The social cognitive learning theory by Bandura states that a student’s personality is modeled by the environment, thought and behavior. Educators should attempt to identify themes that emerge from teaching and make a decision on whether these themes a coherent pattern. Evidently, at the outset, that by way of example than percept, educators impart more (Capuzzi, 2012). Students are extremely perceptive in recognizing when the instructor does not put into practice what he preaches. Both in actions and in words, educators should always teach several values students. These include; importance of preparation, organization, and homework; respect for people’s view; and the value of effective and clear exchange of information both in written and  oral  form. To cater for more than just teaching the students, educators should come up with strategies to incorporate other aspects of life into the class. Students may become defensive if they feel that the teacher is prying on their privacy. In this, an educator should approach this subject with care, otherwise he or she may risk losing the trust altogether. The theme of inclusiveness ensures diversity is taken into account in all teaching. According to (Gould, 2010), educators should attempt to create a positive atmosphere. When students are called upon to answer questions, mistakes should be treated as opportunities in exploring misconceptions, rather than a reflection of the abilities of the students. Educators should create a fair playing field to teach students that, in their current world, there is no easy way out. With a class of almost many students, it is hardly easy to know each student by their names, let alone know about their emotional, physical, or cognitive experiences. To coun ter this, Capuzzi (2012) suggests that educators work with the policy of an openness, where they are available for consultation and assistance at working hours. There exists a gap between students and educators needs to be bridged if the educators are to effectively teach and guide their students. Koshy & Koshy (2010) realized that a modified approach that teachers use in teaching from question-answer to answer-question approach provides a bridge between teachers and learners, and fosters self-evaluation and self-efficacy. Self-evaluation and self-efficacy provide the perfect opportunity for the educator to get to know his or her student on a personal note. In this, the educator is now able to evaluate the student’s emotional, physical, and cognitive aspects of life. Bandura, a renowned theorist, attained fame after his social-cognitive learning theory. The theory is based on individual self-efficacy and modeling. Despite having a number of ideas on learning, Bandura chose social cognitive learning theory. Through the process of modeling, students were required to account for diverse forms of learning. It was Bandura’s belief that through modeling, students are capable of making significant gains in self-motivation, action, and thought. Psychologists, until that time, had exclusively focused on learning through the consequences of actions. Bandura demonstrated that through the hazardous and tedious process of trial and error learning could be a short cut through modeling of competencies and knowledge exhibited by a variety of model (Murphy, 2010). Bandura’s belief was that students’ learn through experiences of watching others, which lead to self-efficacy or self-motivation. The theorist is credited for developing the social cognitive learning theory. While applying this theory, educators should guide their students by being role models, and by observing their behavior as Bandura suggest. Murphy (2010) observes that at that point in time, educators are able to mentor, advice and teach their students more effectively. Knowing the students’ is emotional, cognitive, and physical situation can be very instrumental in understanding the problems facing them or better still, the methods one can use as an educator to teach them effectively. The important part of advising, mentoring, and teaching student, is caring. Being attached to students begins by caring for them and what they are to become in the future. They have strengths and weaknesses, likes and dislikes, wants and needs, hopes and dreams. Educators should be party to these dreams and hopes, since they facilitate the learning process that they have factored into their futures (Zunker & Osborn, 2012). What becomes on them and the leap-of-faith on their part should increase interest regarding their futures. Conclusion In conclusion, having better and more knowledge of students than just their classroom performance make educators better mentors, better teachers, and better persons. Educators should share reality with students to ensure they feel they are relating to a genuine person, who is willing expose his/her values, feelings, and distinctive perception about the world and the society. It is imperative to increase skills and knowledge in the application of instructional techniques to teaching philosophy by aiming at professional development in the subject matter. Additionally, educators should enhance their knowledge on how problem-solving strategies are related to student assessment. They should voluntarily sit in on their school training meetings to compare results with those of other educators. Educators should target increasing the abilities of students in all aspects of life, since it is an important part of the national, local, and state dialogue on educational achievement. References Capuzzi, D. (2012). Career counseling foundations, perspectives, and applications (2nd ed.). New York: Routledge. Gould, J. (2010). Learning Theory and Classroom Practice in the Lifelong Learning Sector. Exeter: Learning Matters. Koshy, V., & Koshy, V. (2010). Action research for improving educational practice: A step-by-step guide (2nd ed.). Los Angeles: SAGE. Murphy, M. (2010). Habermas, critical theory and education. New York: Routledge. Zunker, V., & Osborn, D. (2012). Using assessment results for career development: Career counseling: A holistic approach (8th ed.). Belmont, Calif.: Brooks/Cole Cengage Learning. Source document

Gwen Harwood Essay

Gwen Harwood’s poetry is very powerful for its ability to question the social conventions of its time, positioning the reader to see things in new ways. During the 1960’s, a wave of feminism swept across Australian society, challenging the dominant patriarchal ideologies of the time. Gwen Harwood’s poems ‘Burning Sappho’ and ‘Suburban Sonnet’ are two texts that challenge the dominant image of the happy, gentle, but ultimately subservient housewife.Instead, ‘Burning Sappho’ is powerful in constructing the mother as violent to reject the restraints placed on her by society, whilst Suburban Sonnet addresses the mental impact of the female gender’s confinement to the maternal and domestic sphere. Harwood employs a range of language and structural devices in order to criticise the stereotypical repressed roles of the female gender. Thus Harwood encourages the modern reader to perceive Australian social structures different ly and hence reject the inequitable role of women in modern society.Structure is used in many of Harwood’s poems to challenge the dominant perception of the happy, caring mother. In ‘Suburban sonnet,’ the structure is (obviously) the sonnet, two four line stanzas followed by a six-line stanza. This choice is deliberate as the traditional romanticised love poem jars against the reality presented in the poem. Similarly, ‘Burning Sappho’ challenges the dominant stereotypes of the time however, rather than a sonnet, the poem’s structure is also relevant to the poem’s criticisms, thus revealing a duality in the mother’s actions and inner thoughts.Throughout the day, the mother is constantly interrupted by her supposed ‘duties’ and ‘roles. ’ â€Å"Scandals and Pregnancies† mediates that the women (a kind friend) talk, however the subject of the conversation presents a typecast of stereotypical gossip, t herefore positioning the reader to perceive their conversation as lacking substance. In contrast to this stereotype however, the persona’s thoughts are deeply personal and challenging to the reader. Vivid imagery of a â€Å"monster grin(ning) and stick(ing) her child with pins conflicts with the stereotype of the loving mother.Instead, the alliteration of â€Å"pours prussic acid† presents sharp diction to emphasise the concept of violence in regards to the mother. As a result, the reader is positioned to reassess the image of the caring, gentle mother, instead seeing the resulting emotionally repressed women as a direct reaction to the constraints placed on her gender. Language and imagery plays a dramatic role in portraying relationships and feelings/thoughts of the persona.Whilst in ‘Burning Sappho,’ the mother’s attitude towards tasks is portrayed as emotionless (â€Å"the child is fed, the dishes are washed, the clothes are ironed and aired,à ¢â‚¬ ), language is utilised within ‘Suburban Sonnet’ to construct the mother’s mental state and situation as dire. â€Å"Zest and Love drain out with soapy water. † The use of two personal, passionate adjectives and the depiction of them being physically overcome by soapy water directly link the mother’s loss of feelings and fiery emotion to the household chores and duties.For example, she â€Å"scours crusted milk,† as a part of her role as mother and housewife as the reader is positioned to reject this requirement as a result of the huge impact to her quality of life (â€Å"Veins ache†). The literal image of a dead mouse symbolises the mother’s situation as the ‘soft corpse’ directly represents the mother, that is, emotionally dead as a result of the entrapment by society.The reader is positioned to fully sympathise with the mother in her repressed position and thus question the stereotypical contented mother fi gure that is compartmentalised to the domestic sphere of Patriarchal society. Both poems suggest that their forced social roles of women as mothers and housewives come at the cost of career opportunities and personal aspirations. Music and writing, in particular, are significant, as Harwood believed they played an integral part in emotions and peace of the mind. She practices a fugue though it can matter to no one not whether she plays well or not. † The fugue in musical terms is a piece of repetitive writing that is utilised by Harwood to suggest a form of monotony and recurrence. As well as this, the negative alliteration of the words, â€Å"No, not and now† can be linked to the repression of the mother’s ability to play the piano. The persona is depicted as a good pianist within the poem, reflecting Harwood’s own skills on the instrument.However, due to her femininity, the persona is unable to pursue her career. Similarly, in â€Å"Burning Sappho,† the repetition of the persona writing (â€Å"I pick up my pen and start to write†) across the four stanzas emphasises the mother’s need for creative and emotional release. The construction of the children in both poems is also instrumental in representing the social expectation of the home mother, rather than worker. In â€Å"Suburban Sonnet,† imagery collusive with the children such as â€Å"Chattering and then screaming† is very stressful and negative.In contrast, the diction and language in â€Å"Burning Sappho† is shocking to the reader as the poem not only depicts a very difficult child in contrast to the stereotypical innocent construction, but the mother’s relationship with her is fragmented – â€Å"Something like hatred forks between my child and me. † Clear negative diction is used to challenge these stereotypes of the mother/child relationship, therefore challenging the views of society, which dictate that women mu st look after their children rather than pursue a career.Through the use of poetic structure and language in â€Å"Burning Sappho† and â€Å"Suburban Sonnet,† Gwen Harwood challenges established patriarchal ideas in regards to the domestic sphere of women as housewives and mothers. Her powerful voice and rhetoric is key to her argument and consequently I am positioned to readdress my perception of these particular groups in society, sympathising with the restriction of gender roles and therefore challenging the further implementation of them on Australian Society.

Explaining a Concept Research Pape Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Explaining a Concept Research Pape - Essay Example From the viewpoint of the employees, engagement is an emotional and attitudinal status that develops from the proficiency recognized to be managed by the organization. It further identifies the concept of employee engagement as â€Å"an individual’s degree of positive or negative emotional attachment to their organization, their job and their colleagues† (Scarlett Surveys International 2011). It is a relatively new concept in the field of human resource management. It can be defined as the extent to which the staff get fully engaged and dedicated to their job, concerned about their colleagues and organizations and are ready to be available walk the â€Å"extra mile† so that it can help their organizations achieve success. In simpler terms, EE is the integration of organizational elements like employee motivation, organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) and individual commitment. In the words of Robinson, the topic of employee engagement has become much admired in the recent days however there has been astonishingly limited empirical and academic survey on the same, till date. This resulted in the topic of employee engagement to become a bit faddish, in other words it is, â€Å"old wine in a new bottle.† Most frequently, the term employee engagement has been referred to as intellectual and emotional attachment towards an organization. As per the definition provided by Kahn, employee engagement is, â€Å"the harnessing of organization members’ selves to their work roles; in engagement, people employ and express themselves physically, cognitively, and emotionally during role performances.† In other words Kahn wanted to define employee engagement as the whole hearted presence of the employee, both physically and mentally, when delegating or performing some organizational duty. Employee Engagement and its relation with HRM Human beings form the most important part of an organization because technology and innovation alone can’t run a company and human beings are required for operating the machines and for serving the customers. Previously the business houses used to incorporate â€Å"Personnel Management† within its domain. Historical evidences provide the essential knowledge about the need for managing people since the inception of human civilization. During wars the warriors were organized along with their weapons & uniforms to form a disciplined team ready to defeat their enemies. Then, people were treated as cost to the company & they were hired for executing the directions given by their superiors. Here lies the basic difference between personnel management & human resource management. Human resource management considers their staff as asset to the company. If people are not happy with an organization’s rules & terms, they would unite against the firm which will pave the way for conflicts. Every revolution that happened throughout the world had one common thing, â€Å"a bad leader†. Therefore in order to avoid such occurrences, the field of management introduced the much sophisticated approach of Human Resource Management to deal with the people with compassion & manage them with strategy. The modern concept of Human Resource Management is a vast area with includes the recruitment of ideal staff for the

Civil Engineering Measurement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Civil Engineering Measurement - Essay Example Such earthworks could be for paved areas, for sub-bases, for contiguous filler materials, for surface water channels and for landscape areas. In case of embankments earthworks will be treated as capping tops only while in case of permanent storage it will exclude top soil. For structures below the level of ground, the permanently exposed face below ground level will be considered only. For the case of a foundation the permanently exposed face above ground level down to capping level will be considered. For treated areas the Series Existing Ground Level will be obtained after treatment. The sub soil level will be defined after the removal of the top soil level as per contract specification. Surcharge has been considered as any material put on embankments for loading them. Moreover it has been assumed that one cubic meter removed material is equal to one cubic meter of compacted fill and there is no space for bulking or shrinkage. Another important thing is that excavated materials fro m Series 100 to 500 and Series 700 to 2500 cannot be evaluated according to these designations. For embankments the first 75 mm are not measured but for landscapes the additional fill, deposition and compaction are not measured. The unit of excavation has been delineated as one cubic meter and the total range of measurements for excavation are carried out for the top soil, cuttings, removal of surcharge, structural foundations, foundations for corrugated steel barriers (above and below ground level), new and enlarged water courses, clearing of abandoned water courses, gabion walling, caps for mines, wells, swallow holes etc. and swamps, marshes bogs. It has also been made clear that separate items should be provided for excavation as per Chapter II paragraphs 3 and 4 as well as designated Groups I to IV. Again all measurements are in meters for these groups. In addition the excavation of hard materials has also been designated and the unit of measurement is Hard Material cubic meter while the methods of measurement remain the same as provided above. Separate items have been provided for extra over excavation for hard excavation as Group I and II. The item coverage for soft and hard materials is markedly different and has been defined accordingly. The types of unacceptable materials have also been defined as those that can be processed using mechanical, chemical, hydraulic or other means and the unit of measurement is the cubic meter but measurement can only ensue when required specifically by the contract. Separate items have been provided as per Group I, II and III. In a similar manner the deposition of fill has been designated too and the unit of measurement is cubic meter and separate items have been provided as Group I, II and III. The disposal of material is similar and the unit of measurement is the cubic meter while separate items have been defined under Group I and II. Imported fill is measured in cubic meters too and separate items are designated as G roup I and II. On the other hand, compacted fill is measured in cubic meters and separate items have been designated in Group I, II and III. Moreover for compaction the kinds of voids and gaps that are to be filled are defined as structures, fill on capping, sub base material, road base, fill on bridges, bedding for buried structures and the like. Separate measurement can o

Summry for the outcasts united witten by Warren St. John Essay

Summry for the outcasts united witten by Warren St. John - Essay Example That same small Southern town also becomes the home to Luma Mufleh --- a Jordanian woman who establishes soccer teams to unite the children of refugee families. This woman, who was educated in the U.S., along with her players, names the team Fugees, short for refugees (St. John 31-2). The tone of the story is based on the non-consent of this small American town to be a social experiment, with the story revolving around the lives of the refugee children, their families, and their coach Luma. The author accounts the lives of these young people as they unite to form a team against the backdrop of a fading American town that is having a hard time welcoming the new arrivals. In the middle of all the struggles and hardships encountered by the members of the team and their families, Coach Luma passionately pushes her players towards success on the field. In general, the book is an inspiring narrative of the happenings that turn a small town into a global community, and the many different wa ys people convert an alien world into what they could call home. The story narrates how Luma, while driving through Clarkston, sees this group of refugee boys playing soccer. She had been a soccer coach before with very little compensation, and she eventually becomes the coach for these young refugee boys. Besides her story, the book also depicts the horrors that the refugee families went through in their escape from their war-trodden nations, the difficult adjustments they have to swallow as they try to settle in Clarkston, the issues regarding poverty, clashes with the new culture, and the high-crime rates. To make things worse, older inhabitants of the suburb town look at the situation with disinterest and contempt. The drastic changes that everyone goes through --- both the refugees and the older inhabitants --- make it difficult for them to compromise what they had been all used to. One of the exceedingly touching and wonderful moments in the story is when Coach Luma calls toge ther her teams of young soccer players, with everyone showing up looking raggedy --- one wearing ankle-high boots, one in socks, some in jeans, and almost all without proper footwear. These players compose three teams of mixed age ranges who, along with their families, endured unthinkable horrors to still be able to stand on that field that day. Yet despite the kids’ unimaginable backgrounds, coach Luma maintains her disciplinarian approach towards them --- laying down the rules that she expects everyone to follow seriously if one is keen on staying with the team. The kids are expected to come to practice twice a week despite the fact that only a few of these kids’ families have cars. The boys will miss a game for every practice missed and will be kicked off the team if the rules are not followed. Luma even makes the boys sign a contract regarding the rules that run from being usual to obscure. None of these rules is negotiable. With all the talk about bringing about s ocial change through sports, the Fugees are still able to offer an extraordinary and touching example. In one scene narrated in the book, without anyone else telling them so, the boys offer one Muslim and one Christian prayer just prior to a game event. This shows how the boys are opening up to the accommodation of their differences in order to enjoy a common goal, while at the same time learning

How too conduct an accident investigation in the workplace Essay

How too conduct an accident investigation in the workplace - Essay Example Once at the scene take photographs and examine the site thoroughly for any possible causes of the accident or underlying causes that may have attributed to the event. For example if the site itself is an open plan work-room, describe the layout of the room with the position of all furniture, noting whether it was fixed or movable and in what condition it is in. Take a note of all, if any, cables and wiring and their location in regards to the accident, also note the type of lighting in the room, and if there are any bulbs or lights not working in case the room dimmed enough to cause an accident. Note what type of flooring the room has, if it carpeted or tiled and if there are any frayed or loose edges, or if the floor is made of polished wood or linoleum, if so is it polished enough to cause a person to slip. Is there any possibility of spilt liquids or leakages from over head pipes or under floor pipes. Once the site has been investigated and thoroughly examined the next stage is to interview the injured person or persons and any witnesses present or involved in the accident, including those who had a role after the event. Keep a copy of the report to hand, but as the injured party to describe the event prior to and leading up to their having the accident.

Cost-Benefit Analysis of A Public Infrastructure Project Assignment

Cost-Benefit Analysis of A Public Infrastructure Project - Assignment Example Thus, to come up with a public infrastructure, several factors will be considered to look at both the advantage and causality in order to achieve the optimal benefit that is required. Public infrastructure is considered to be of good interest to the society if its final outcome benefits surpass the cost of implementing the total project. If the cost of implementing the infrastructure is more than the benefit the society is supposed to enjoy after its completion, then, the project is of no much benefit to the society. To realize the cost benefit of a public infrastructure, a cost benefit analyses is carried out to investigate the benefit the society is expected to achieve once the said infrastructure is completed. If the result shows that the project has a positive benefit, then, the infrastructure should be implemented. If the result on the other side reveals that the benefits of the project upon completion reflect negative benefit, then, the project should be dropped (Campbell and B rown, 15). 1.1Project description The public infrastructure that is illustrated under this paper is of power plant construction nature which is located in Middle East and North African region. This region has a high potential of solar and wind energy because it receives a lot of energy from sun in six hours than what a man consumes in one year and is home to top sites of wind potential. This project is expected to generate electricity by use of massive set up of solar and wind farms networks and connect the power to Europe through a Europe- Mediterranean electricity network. A high voltage direct current (HDVC) transmission cables will be used in the transmission of the power. The power plant will involve spreading of concentrating solar power systems, wind parks and photovoltaic systems in desert of North Africa in places like Sahara desert. This means that the power plant will produce energy that is renewable instead of use of fossil fuel that is not renewable. This project will p rovide a substantial demand of electricity in Middle East and Northern Africa region and a 15% of electricity need in Europe. Thus, due to the fact that this project is expected to benefit those three regions, it has being dubbed as EUMENA which means European Union, Middle East and Northern Africa. Investment under this public infrastructure is expected to cost up to 400 billion pounds by 2050. Under this project, Europe is expected to lead in fighting climate change and economies of the Northern African countries and Europe, grow due to green house gas emissions limitation. This project has the potential to satisfy 15 percent of the electricity demand in Europe and much needed electricity in Middle East and North Africa. 240,000 jobs in Germany are likely to be created if this project is implemented and generate electricity worth 2 trillion by 2050. Energy wastage is expected to be reduced under this project because it will enable transfer of energy from areas with surplus to area s it is needed. The grid will help in taking advantage of the large amounts of energy that is likely to be sourced from large scale sources of renewable energy that are remote. The construction of the transmission grid will reduce difference between actual generating capacity and the minimum

Your interest in Security Management Research Paper

Your interest in Security Management - Research Paper Example Firms use security management procedures and processes like categorization of information, assessment of risks in order to identify threats, rating the susceptibility of systems and categorizing assets in order to come up with effective controls. In security management, the prevention of loss emphasizes on the critical assets of the organization and the manner which they are to be safeguarded. One of the essential parts of the prevention of loss is assessment of the possible threats to effectively achieving the company’s goal. This is supposed to include the possible opportunities which further the goals, balance the possibilities and determine the effects while implementing measures that will minimize or complete eliminate the threats. Security risk management is the area of the management of security that I am most interested in, and it applies the ideologies of risk management in managing threats to security. It entails the identification of threats, assessment of the effectiveness of the controls that are already in existence to deal with the threats, determination of the ramifications of the risk, ranking the risks through rating their probabilities and effects, classification of the form of risk as well as suitable responses to the risks (Sennewald,

The American Civil Rights Movement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The American Civil Rights Movement - Essay Example After the unfortunate murder of King, Black leaders, such as Stokely Carmichael joined the Black Panther movement, and coined the phrase ‘black power’. He advocated Black liberation from oppression and discrimination by any means possible. Therefore, it proved to be a radical movement which utilized violence. The movements’ violent message permeated into most parts of black society. Consequently, blacks treated whites as their enemies and old gang rivalries based on cultural divides were galvanized.Nevertheless, the movement as a whole was nonviolent and very successful. Congress passed the Voting Rights Act of 1965 which made it possible for southern African Americans to cast vote. Prior to this Act, discriminatory literacy tests and poll taxes had restricted black from voting. Furthermore, in 1968, President Johnson signed the Rights Act which banned discrimination in the sale, rental, and finance of housing. In 1967, the Supreme Court ruled that prohibiting int erracial marriage was unconstitutional. Consequently, sixteen states that still banned interracial marriage were forced to revise their laws. In my opinion, the Civil Rights movement transformed the USA completely. Without these brave and audacious African leaders and free thinkers, battling against an unjust society was nearly impossible. Many of the protestors and leaders of the different movements were either targeted by the authorities or tortured by the police. Individual leaders, such as Martin Luther King were even murdered while trying to battle.

Essay on Project Governance Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

On Project Governance - Essay Example Uncoordinated project governance can result to financial loss, delayed completion and collapse of an entire project. Consequently, the project implementers uptake thorough planning and organization of customized ERP system (Abdallah & Albadri 2011). An ERP is a deliberate organizational tool that guides a firm’s vision. ERP systems combine internal information related to finance, management and production. At Microsoft ERP facilitates the exchange of information in business functions. Background Information ERP is an integrated system for small organizations designed to promote excellent practices in business. ERP software’s have varied applications based on the technical aptitude and the definite needs. Each section centers on a definite area such as distribution, marketing, inventory control or HR management. Additionally, ERP is fully integrated to supervise progress and inform business intelligence (Dinsmore & Rocha, 2012). The ERP guides in the decision making of a n organization by guiding project governance. Thus, a well-coordinated ERP system is vital to successful project governance. It provides the most efficient way to conduct business processes. For that reason, systems vary in utility and convenience. Literature Review ERP systems are central business transformers rather than mere IT systems. They align with organizational goals to better provision of services and promote efficiency (Remenyi, 2005). Hence, an ERP has the aptitude to transform project government and may shift the focus of core activities. According to Muller (2009), the need to achieve operational efficiency through consistent implementation emphasizes on the need to form mergers and networks to promote interdependence in the unpredictable market. This heightens the need to establish architectural project governance that promotes growth. Nikookar et al. (2010) asserts that ERP is of competitive advantage to firms globally. It is a dynamic force for inspiring the course of globalization. Resultantly, firms are adopting ERP to guide in better administration and production. Therefore, organizations aspiring to attain standard levels need to invest in efficient ERP systems. This generates a competitive growth oriented atmosphere because it is easier to monitor minor changes. Successful attainment of efficiency is a continuous process that has become the prime credibility measure to modern enterprises (Konsynski & Tiwana, 2004). Companies that successfully adapt with the ERP systems save on time previously spent on documentation, training, and accounting. Therefore, long-term feasibility benefits firm that adapt to the consumer’s preferences. Development stage Microsoft is an organization that develops fully customized ERP systems (Shankar & Bellefroid, 2011). The senior manager and the executive usually guide other stakeholders in coming up with the ERP software’s. Executives at Microsoft engage in the planning and implementation of the system. Primarily, before developing the systems, management conducts research to find the needs of the

Biological Psychology Essay Example for Free

Biological Psychology Essay Abstract Psychology has its own biological boundaries. This is in the form of biological psychology or behavioral neuroscience. The main aim of this branch in psychology is to have a clearer picture of the relationship of the mind and body, and mind and brain. It tries to link the brain functions to the different mental processes and behaviors. This type of psychology investigates man’s physiological phenomena such as memory and emotions. Biological Psychology Human beings are more then a collection of systems, more than a collection of organs and more than a collection of cells.    The human body is complex. It is an operating organism which functions as a whole. The human body involves a great deal of variety of processes. By examining the parts, it does not mean that one can understand the whole organism (Arnold, 1999). Biological psychology is the field of psychology which main endeavor was to link the different brain functions to different mental processes and behaviors. Psychologists in this subdiscipline of psychology are often interested in relating biological variables to psychological or behavioral variables. It deals with biological processes and behaviors that are shared with mammalian animals. This is because biological psychologists utilize animals in their experiments. Some of these processes are sensation, perception, motivation, learning memory and control of motor movements (â€Å"Biological Psychology†).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The history of Biological psychology emerged from various philosophical views in the 18th and 19th century. However, its study started much earlier. It dates back to Avicenna, a Persian psychologist and physician. He recognized physiological psychology in the treatment of illnesses involving emotions. Avicenna also gave some psychological explanations on somatic illnesses. He believed that humidity inside the brain can cause mood disorders. Humidity is brought by the change with the amount of breath. Another is that happiness increases the breath so it contributes to the brain’s moisture. But then, too much moisture can make the brain loss control thus having mental disorders (â€Å"The Mind-Brain Problem†).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The philosophical history of Biological Psychology surfaced from philosophers like Rene Descartes. He believed that the pineal gland was the point of contact between the mind and body. He also proposed a theory that pneumatics or fluid power of bodily fluids is connected to reflexes and motor behavior (â€Å"The Mind- Brain Problem†).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Another philosopher who contributed to Biological psychology is William James.   He is the one who argued that in the study of psychology there should also be consideration to the understanding of Biology. He also stressed that the functions of the brain must be included in the study of psychology. The connection between mind and brain became progressively clearer in the nineteenth century. In this century, the doctors started observing patients who suffered from head injuries. The patients usually exhibited alterations in language and memory and some variation in their personalities. One patient is a refined businessman and a loving father became a vulgar person who lacks in affection for his loved ones after a sever blow in the head. These observations is lead researchers to experiment by producing surgical lesions in animals in different regions of the brain to observe what effects these lesions have on behavior (Westen, 1999). Since its origin, one of the major issues faced by biological psychologists was localization of functions. This entails knowing which different parts of the brain control different aspects of functioning. In 1836, a physician named Marc Dax, noted that lesions on the left side of the brain were associated with aphasia or language disorder. Because of this discovery, many other discoveries linking the left hemisphere of the brain with language function appeared (Westen, 1999). These other discoveries led to the finding of Broca’s and Wernicke’s areas. Broca’s aphasia involves difficulty in production of speech, whereas Wernicke’s aphasia involves difficulty in comprehending language (Westen, 1999).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The clinical assumption of Biological psychology is that organisms share similar biological processes and behaviors. Some of the other disciplines in psychology greatly related with biological psychology are comparative psychology, evolutionary psychology, neuropsychology, clinical psychology, cognitive psychology and experimental psychology (Westen, 1999).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Comparative psychology is the study of behavior and mental processes of animals other than human beings (Westen, 1999). Biological psychologists use animals in their experiments. They compare the results done on these animals to human processes and behaviors. Evolutionary psychology, on the other hand, deals with the explanation of mental and psychological traits and how they evolved to adapt to different stimuli. Neuropsychology is an interdisciplinary field of psychology and neuroscience that aims to explain how the structure and function of the brain relate to certain psychological behaviors (â€Å"Evolutionary Psychology†).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Other fields of psychology related with biological psychology such as clinical psychology, cognitive psychology, and experimental psychology are connected with biological psychology because these fields aim to link the physiological processes with different mental processes. Clinical psychology focuses on the nature and treatment of physiological processes that lead to emotional distress. Cognitive psychology examines the nature of thought, memory and language. And, experimental psychology examines mental processes in human and other animals (Westen, 1999). Some of the noted modern biological psychologists are Nikolaas Tinbergen, Karl von Frisch, Eric Kandel and Arvid Carlsson. Nikolaas Tinbergen is a Dutch ornithologist who won the Nobel Prize for Physiology in 1973. His contribution is the organization and elicitation of individual and social behaviour patterns in animals. Karl von Frisch is an Austrian ethologist who won the same award with Tinbergen. He studied the senses of bees and identified they methods of communication(â€Å"Nobel Prize in Physiology/ Medicine 1973†)..Eric Kandel is a neuroscientist whose contribution is the analysis of biochemical changes in neurons assiciated with learning and memory storage. Arvid Carlsson is a neuroscientist most noted for his on the neurotransmitter dopmaine and Parkinson’s disease (â€Å"The Nobel Prize in Physiology/ Medicine 2000†).   Reference Arnold, T. (1999). Mind and Brian Relationship. Retrieved February 8, 2008, from   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://www.hyponoesis.org/html/essays/e022.html Biological Psychology. Retrieved February 11, 2008, from   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://www.psypress.com/common/supplementary/184169360X/part1.pdf Evolutionary Psychology. Retrieved February 11, 2008, from   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://www.psychnet-uk.com/evolutionary_psychology/evolutionary_psychology.htm The Mind- Brain problem. Retrieved February 11, 2008, from   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://moebius.psy.ed.ac.uk/~dualism/papers/brains.html The Nobel Prize in Physiology/ Medicine 1973. Nobelprize.org. Retrieved February 11, 2008,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   from http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1973/index.html The Nobel Prize in Physiology/ Medicine 2000. Nobelprize.org. Retrieved February 11, 2008,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   from http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/2000/index.html Westen, D. (2nd Ed.). (1999). Psychology: Mind, Brain and Culture. U.S.A.: John Wiley   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Sons, Inc.

Strategic Business Plan Lexus Motors

Strategic Business Plan Lexus Motors This report is about the meaning and analysis of LEXUS in respect of strategic planning and implementation point of view. In this report I have deliberated about the history of LEXUS and their strategic marketing analysis in terms of its positioning besides its growth rate and market share in todays business environment. And main resolution of the report is to plan the implementation of the strategy. Moreover, we have discussed about the vision, mission, objectives and current marketing trends as well as the SWOT (mà ©tier, weaknesses, opportunities threats) analysis, external internal conservational scanning of the concern in respect of their participants and strategic formulation of the firmpolicyalso how we will going to tool these strategy and also give some recommendations that can help to grow their marketplace share in the upcoming competitive marketing environment. LEXUS competing the competitors maintaining strong relationship with patrons by taking under consideration its Macro PC environment very efficiently. In this report, we also make a thorough review, monitoring and control that how company studied and control the strategy of LEXUS., policies such as corporate strategies, business level and its real-worldpolicies, action program and economical protection of the business. 2 Back Ground The standard for examination was basically the criterion given to me by our teacher. Before commencing my project I have stay in the company. I had conducted few group meetings in which I meticulously discuss concepts and over view of my project. The Business that I would remain researching on was properly selected keeping in view the contact besidesaccessibility.It was basically research project owed to me by our awarding body Edexcel. The main theme of the project was to choose particular excising organization and constructs its organisationplan; develop vision, mission and objectives besides measures plain for the implementation of the strategy the research was led by by direct and projective techniques and animated research.This was basically a very good learning experience as I conducted proper field study, and this gave me a factual idea of the strategy formulation and implementation of the finished strategy that I might be hesitant upon throughout my professional life and for preliminary my profitable it s really realobliging for future. 3 METHODOLOGY My research project contains detail evocative research. It doesnt include any quantitative investigation its solely based upon qualitative data. which I calmfinishedright visiting to the organization besidesleadingmeetings .and myself also collect some financial information of the businessafterhereyearly financially record books. I also conduct information from different online resources. That is I showed the penalties qualitatively. E.g. how my company frames, appraise and control group for the appeal of the plan. 4 Vision, Mission and Objective 4.1VISION Statement To be the professional and innovative in Motor Industry in all around the World. 4.2 LEXUS MISSION STATEMENT Lexus is stanch to customer satisfaction through offering high quality with excellent services and good value of their price. We take great pride in aiding each other, our customers. We seek continuous improvement in all that we do for the benefit our stakeholder and the society we live within. To attract and retain customers with the highest worth products and services and the most satisfying tenure experience. 4.3 Statement of Values Lexus firmly stanch with a corporate philosophy that incorporates solid values. We encourage a culture of mutual respect and treat in cooperation our team members and users with quick facilitiesthenupkeep. We aim to be proactively responsive to new ideas only if variety of Motors as compare toward our competitors. 4.4 Objectives To Increase advertising by 70% by December 2011. Generate 70% brand awareness within the consumers target market by December 2011. To break even by the end of 2011 To increase in market share by December 2011. To earn a good reputation and create a good image of the company by reducing customers complaints by December 2011. To increase the sale of Lexus motors up to 3million by the end of 2014. 4.5 CORPORATE FINANCIAL OBJECTIVE To achieve return on sales 90% by JUNE 2011 and double it by JUNE 2012. To achieve cost to income ratio of 90% by May 2010 and reduce this ratio by 30% on a yearly bases. To capitalize the business by January 2012 To always maintain high sales of 100% by January 2012. 5 EXTERNAL INTERNAL ENVIRONMENTAL SCANNING 5.1.1Political Analysis Since Lexus Motors operates in multiple countries across Europe and Asia, the Vital East, and Australia, it requirements to pay close care to the political climate Which are also laws then regulations in all the countries he operates in while also paying attention to regional leading bodies. Laws governing commerce, trade, growth, andasset are reliant on the local government as well as how Successfulnativebazaarsthenthrifts will remain due toward regional, national and local influence. 5.1.2 Ecumenical Analysis Functional in numerous countries across the world, Lexus Motors occupations with a globalpecuniary perception while focusing on each individual market. Because Lexus is in a rapid growth period, expanding or forming a joint undertaking in over six countries world-wide since 2007, a worldwide approach enables Lexus Motors to adapt and learn from the other different regions within the complete automotive industry. They needability and resources from five continents across the globe, thus when any mutable changes in the marketplace they can gather information andfunds from all over the world to talk any issues. For instance, if the value of the aluminum required to make train blocks goes up cutting-edge Kenya, Lexus has the selection to get the aluminum from other suppliers in Asia who they would generally get meanwhile for production in Ukraine or China. 5.1.3 Social Analysis With out any confusion, the beliefs, opinions, and general boldness of all the stakeholders in an organizationwill touch how well a company does. This includes every stakeholder since the CEO and Premier, down tothe line workers who rivet the door panel into place, after the saver to the customer, the culture and attitude of all these people will eventually determine the future of a Organization and whetherthey will be lucrative or not. For this aim, Lexus Motors inclines to use anaddition and seldom separation technique by foreign companies theyobtain. In 2007, LexusEngines acquired fordmarketableVehicles Company, which was at the time Koreas second largest truckmaker. Slightly than using de-acculturation or integrating Daewoo, Lexusappropriated an integrated approach, and continued building besides marketingDaewoos current models as well as introducing a few new copies transnationallyunbiased as it had continual done below Korean organization. 5.1.4Technological Analysis Lexus Motor viewpointits parent company, the Lexus Group, are ahead of the game in the know-how field.The Organization growth is a deep empathetic of financial stimuli and customer needs, andthe ability to translate them into customer-desired aidsfinishedprincipal edge. Engaging 1,500 experts and concocts,LexusGas-poweredTraining and Development team is debauched of the pack inUK marketplace and right concluded the rest of the field globally. AmongLexus innovatorsbe located the first indigenously industrial Light CommercialVehicle.In all ancarbuilder must modificationfamiliarize andproduce to vacation competitive in the automotive eagerbesides this is exactly what Lexus is doing over their rapid development, thenextensive research and growth. 5.2 Industry Competitive Analysis 5.2.1 Threat of New Entrance For the current UK marketplace for Motor Industry, it is not difficult for a Motor Industry to enter the market. However, it would remain extremely difficult to take ended already running major Big Government dominancy in UK or even make a important amount of profit Ford holds the first-mover benefit into the Green Cars specialty Motor Industry that gives them free reputation. Customers, especially heavy lorry drivers who remain used to going to TTC as a treat or reward after their company are not going toward go to other company theyve not ever heard of. The makedesignation is before established also, there is nowa large variety in the numerous western-style trains is obtainablein UK, such as Rover,Ponto and Land Rover. 5.2.2 Threat of substitute products As printedoverhead, there are a few major contestants in the Motor Manufacturing in Uk for Lexus, namely Ford and Ponto. The substitute products, in this case, would be TerrestrialNomad. Though they standcompetitors, their chiefcropsvaryimportantly from each other, in that they vend, Magana, Old-styleUkchic Motors, These alternatesopinionabsolutelycautiousfit as compared to the Lexus. Smooth Motors from street sellerstotalby way of substitute Motors. 5.2.3 Threat of bargaining power of suppliers The suppliers, like the buyers, have very little bargaining power. In terms of Lexus , Fords upon its move into UK, advised many of its Indian. suppliers to also extend branches into Europe. Lexus also began helping local suppliers by giving them technological support to improve their products. This is a brilliant strategy because the provisions that Lexus would otherwise need to import after the U.S. can now standgotten domestically, and if the Indian. Suppliers decide to raise their prices;Lexus caneffortlessly switch to the nativedealers. This gives us a brilliant strategy. By this strategy, Lexus created competition among its suppliers, lowering the supplier bargaining power. In terms of human resources, toil cost is extremely low because the supply of non-skilled workers great exceeds the demand for them. With so slight buyer and supplier hagglingpanels, Lexus remains able toward have a real tight switch over its prices and expenses. 5.2.4 Threat of bargaining power of Buyers The customers of Lexus, especially as individual buyers, have almost no bargaining power because doubt only one client threatens to no longer Buy Lexus, the store is not going to lower its price because the cost of late one customer is not very great.If Lexus is not providing any Other deal or upsurge the standards then customer will automatically switch toward other contestants e.g. Ford, Peugeot,and Land rover, can control these things by giving them a variety of Creation and other deal at sensiblestandards in command to grab the market and to maintain stability 5.2.5 Rivalry among existing competitors More or less what one would expect, Lexus has little rivalry with similar Motors in India. The primary aim is that their essential products are different, as in they sell different types of Motors with very different tastes and styles. For example, if Lexus elevatedhis price for normal car by a small quantity, UK Motors lovers who may not be as accepting to any other motors In addition to that, these businesseshave such different target patrons that the fluctuation of price for one out let is not going to affect the others. For sample, a full range car at Lexus ranges about  £30,000, but a full range keep is onFords motors can cost over  £40,000. The drastic difference in price swears no price opposition between these motors. 5.3 Internal Environmental Analysis Strategy Structure Style Staff Skills Systems Shared value Lexus focusing the horizontal growth strategy in the Motors industry. Lexus has top to bottom and bottom to top style of structure as top level of management also take feedback from lower level of management, Lexus is following participative leadership style all decisions took place in General meetings on popular bases Lexus has skilled and skilled staff to work within. Lexus provide proper training to staff on to meet set standards. A special log in addition checked with in body of Health besides Safety. Lexus has detached production department based on very capable worker for making of Motors. Lexus conduct changed types of polls for the feedback from their costumers and manner different types of products for their imposts. Lexus uses Quality Organization Program Managing quality in a manufacturing occupational revolves everywhereconcernedclient expectations. Lexus aim is to be proactively sociable to new ideas individual if variety of Motors as compare to our entrant in order to s atisfy clients. 6 SWOT Analysis 6.1 Strength New speculation by Toyota for its Lexus brand in factories in the US and China saw 2007 profits rise, against the international motor industry trend. Remaining profits rose 0.8% to 1.17 trillion yen ($11bn;  £5.85bn), while sales were 7.4% higher at 18.55 trillion Dollars. In 2003 Toyota analyzed its contestants Ford into third advertisement, to become the Worlds second largest carmaker with 6.78 zillioncomponents. The business is still behind rivals Over-all Motors done 8.59 million units in the same period. 6.2Weakness Being big has its own problems. The World market for cars is in a state of saturate and so car creators need to make sure that it is their models that clients want. The company needs to preserve producing flatcars in order to keep in mind its prepared efficiency. Car plants symbolize a huge deal in expensive fixed costs, as well as the from top to toe costs of homework and recollecting labor. 6.3 Opportunities Lexus and Toyota now have a reputation for manufacturing environmentally friendly vehicles. Lexus has RX 400h hybrid, and Toyota has it Prius. Lexus is to target theurban youth marketplace. The company has launch its new Aygo, which is targeted by the sharp youth market and captures (or attempt to) the nature of dance plus DJ culture in a very viable section. 6.4 Threats Product recalls are always a problem for vehicle manufacturers. In 2005 the company had to recall 990,00 sports utility vehicles and accidental trucks due to faulty front delay systems. The company is also exposed to any force group in the price of raw wealth such as rubber, steel then fuel. The key economy in the appeasing, the US and Europe also gengo-slows. These financial factors are potential intimidations for Toyota. 7STRATEGYFORMULATIONS 7.1. Corporate level Strategies Lexus focal argument on Horizontal growth strategy, Lexus always make a decision to pursue new and additional customers and furthermore it chooses to search new technology. E.g. Green Cars is one of the mile nuggetsof this group. 7.2. Business level Strategies Lexus was able to greatly decrease lead-time and cost using the TPS, while humanizing quality at the same time as a Business level Strategy. This allowed it to become one of the ten largest companies in the world. Him is now as lucrative as all the additionalcarriagecorporations shared and became the main car manufacturer in 2008. 7.3. Functional/Departmental Strategies The Principles of Functional Approaches of the Lexus Way is aadministrationviewpoint used by the Lexus firm that includes the Lexus Production System. The main ideas are to base organisation decisions on a philosophical sense of purpose and think long term, to must a process for solving problems, to add value to the organization by emergent its people, then to recognize that continuous solving root problems drives organizational knowledge. 8. Critical Success Factor (7 S model) 8.1 Strategy Lexus is the world main and most well known Motor Production Company, per chain in more than 15 thousand locations and worldwide in 75 countries Lexus had refocused global strategies to grow up its lucrative and licence Motor base overall over the world. 8.2 Structure Trainee Managers help with day-to-day running of the restaurant, and need to ensure that all operations, customer service, cash handling, marketing, purchasing, human resources, supervision and training development policies are followed Responsible for working the service areas in addition ensuring quality product, service and hygiene is delivered to all customers by top speed too with a smile. 8.3 Style Lexus spotlight on participative leadership style. Each out let manager uses the style of interpersonal edge with their employees. Lexus management relationship-oriented have both touchingthenuseful elements. 8.4 Staff Lexus also give proper training to all of their employees to maintain standard of the business. Lexus worker revenue is low so all of their staff is loyal and shows obligation. Lexus and its grant employees are further than 700 thousand in all over the world. Lexusbe necessary fully expert and acquaintancesupervise to slog with. 8.5 Skills and Competencies Lexus centre on relational skills as well because they are dedicated to purchaserpleasure through influence high quality with excellent services and good value. Lexustoomaintain industrial skills by keep reviewing Continuous improvement process to provide good quality Standard motors to their customers. 8.6 Systems The quality, service, and spotlessness program for judging the quality of service outcomes from the standpoint of every customer. The operations provision review program for measuring a Quality process implementation performance against Lexus process condition. The results of these two classextentsequencers are incorporated addicted to the Officialdom. Lexus hires a dedicated interviewing service to survey customers on their impression of formationdelivery and quality. 8.7 Shared Values Lexus too focus on imaginative ideas by given that after sale facilities and have some special ability for the commercial customers. Lexus as an association permits are by convenient places e.g. nearby city centre, big spending malls, chiefsubstructures and native area. Brand evenhandedness is one of the key strength aimed at Lexus to spread its outlet all about the world. 9Implementations Strategy Implementation Strategy implementation is the development of allocating resources to support the chosen strategy Objectives Department Action required Resources required Profit maximization. Promotion Large scale advertising activities Bill Board To get a good reputation and create a good image of the Lexus Feature control Supply product according to set standard require Best Stock for Manufacture 3. Stronger out lets all over Country Land survey team New land reform news keeping tab on the competing chains 4. Interactive Relationship Marketing Marketing Focus on Electronic way Building local public relations E Employee loyalty HR Keeping employee turnover low Commitment proper training 6. On time Delivery Transport More Vehicles needed  £ 50,000.00 10. Review, Monitoring and Control 10.1 Monitoring Policy Lexus habitsspecial techniquesin additionworth system for monitor all collect process and sales behavior. Lexus specially focus on to uphold quality and provide product according to set normal so they obligate quality specialists staff employed for monitor all managerial process behavior day to day bases. 10.2 Control Lexus has its own Data base to keep all the record of sales and clientele. Lexus control and share aggregated demographic with publicist and related all franchises. Lexus also use outside companys t beakoperators for if services. Lexus has good team who manages and keeps control off all effortssince they are the part of Lexus. Lexus all statistics and in order is copy right and highly secret to reservation its standard in the intimidatingforcefulmarketplace. 11 BUDGETS 11.1 Financial performance for the last 3 years (2008-2010) Actual and forecasted financial statement for the period ending 2010 2008( £000) 2009( £000) 2010( £000) Revenue 10000 17000 30000 Cost of Sales (5500) (5000) (6700) Gross profit 5500 7000 15400 Distribution costs (800) (1000) (1100) Administration expenses (1200) (1600) (1800) Net profit for the year 1200 6600 7700 Gross profit % 45% 60% 68% Net profit for the year % 18% 55% 55% 11.2 Actual balance Sheet as at 2008-10 and forecasted balance sheet 2008( £000) 2009( £000) 2010( £000) Non-current Asset Property, plant Equipment 6676 7500 7940 Current Assets Inventories 515 700 536 Receivables 291 500 280 Cash cash equivalent 645 500 692 Total current Assets 751 1200 2208 Total asset 7527 7200 8148 Equity and Reserves Issued share capital 2723 2535 1839 Share premium 6899 3600 5381 Revolution reserves (128) 1200 9025 Retained earnings 16 85 203 Total Equity Reserves 7727 5100 9148 11.3 Summary of financial budgets for the next 3 years Actual balance Sheet as at 2007-10 and forecasted balance sheet 2011-2013 2011( £000) 2012( £000) 2013( £000) Non-current Asset Property, plant Equipment 90000 10000 11000 Current Assets Inventories 4000 6000 6000 Receivables 11000 22000 70000 Cash cash Equivalents 12000 220000 10000 Total Assets 114000 144000 155000 Equity and Reserves Issued share capital 80600 95600 87350 Share premium 7500 7600 8600 Revolution reserves 6000 12200 25000 Retained earnings 12900 14400 25150 Total Equity Reserves 154000 130000 155000 G A N T T C H A R T Total Budget  £300 Million. Marketing Activities Time (when action) Responsibility 2010 2011 J F M A M J J A S O N D Advertisement à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ Advertising Agency Sponsorship à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ Marketing Asstt Sports Event Hosting à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ Marketing Asstt Events New Car Launch à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ Country Director Road Show à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ Total  £ 12 Conclusion The GX 470 is one of the three SUVs offered by Lexus luxury nameplate, Lexus. The vehicle is placed in the middle of the smaller RX and the full-size LX in everything from size to price. It linked the Lexus line-up in 2010 and is currently in its first generation.AirConditioner. SomeLexus GX470s may mustglitches with the air conditioner system. Cutting-edge some cases (exact to the 2007 to 2010 model ages) the A/C may not cool sufficiently, requiring various parts to be marked for repairs. Some 2007 vehicles might need the expansion valve replaced as a consequence of breakingbeforereport noises after the hindmost air conditioner component.

Patient Discharge Process Reflection

Patient Discharge Process Reflection This reflective commentary will focus on a patients discharge planning liaison drawn from my experience in attending a Multidisciplinary team Meeting (MDT) held at my Elective Placement (Cardiology Ward) in the context of the dimensions of Interprofesssional Working (IPW) I will preliminary define in the introduction IP working; recognize policies; introduce patient scenario, identify the Reflection Model which I will use to evaluate and analyse the Dimensions of IPW. IPW refers to professionals with different training backgrounds (medical, surgical, counselling, psychotherapy, Occupational Therapist, physiotherapist) sharing common goals an objectives but who make a difference but complimentary contribution to the given client group in order to provide holistic care (Leathard, 2003). IPW has been highlighted by the United Kingdom (UK) government in a series of policies which shaped and continue to shape the way services and professionals work interprofesssionally. In 1998 The Department of Health (DoH) (1998) encouraged joint working through integrated provision. In 1999 papers such as DoH (1999) re-enforced that the effective care is the product of interagency working, promoting NHS to move towards interagency collaborative working or IPW in a shift from institutional to community-based care. The DoH (2000) a ten year programme of redevelopment practice to design and promotes a patient centered service and promote IP and Holistic care. One of the areas the DOH (2000) considered needed improving was the older generation patient discharge. To combat this, standard two of The Single Assessment Process (SAP) and Intermediate care services (ICS) was introduced by the National Service Framework for Older People by DoH (2001a) and this required services and professiona ls to work together in a co-ordinated assessment of needs for patients. From this, House of Commons Health Committee (2002) called for a number of key changes, one of them being a named Care Manager to coordinate all stages of the patient journey through hospital, up to and beyond discharge. And this coordination liaison could take the form of an MDT discharge planning meeting (DP). New ways of working have to be found that cross professional boundaries, in order to allow a more flexible approach to care delivery (DoH, 2002). To achieve this, the Government introduced Interprofesssional Education (IPE) in pre-registered students modules and their aim was to integrate IPE into their curriculum, enabling students to develop transferable skills that will facilitate communication and collaboration in the future (Barr, et al., 2005). Rattay and Mehanna (2008) suggest that as students should make an effort to attend MDT meetings to develop IP. I have used pseudonyms throughout my reflective commentary, to protect confidentiality in accordance with the Data Protection Act (1998) and the Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC) (2009). I will refer to the patient as Sam. Sam is a 74 year old lady who lives alone in a ground floor flat. Sam has no family living locally however her neighbour visits regularly. Sam suffers from Chronic Heart Failure (CHF). Prior to admission Sam was fully independent at house cooping with her Activities of Daily living (ADLs) with slight difficulty due to breathing and poor balance (which Sam reported to suffering from for years). Sam was originally brought into hospital via accident and emergency by her neighbour as her breathing became progressively worse. There are many potential models of reflection. I will use Gibbs (1988) Model of Reflection (Appendix 1) as I find it more straightforward due to being depicted as a cycle, encouraging critical evaluation and analysis of the incident. Cyclical models are suggested by Ghaye (1998) to deepen awareness and increase knowledge and skilfulness from repeated movements around them. Reflection will able me to learn from the experience and identify my learning needs in areas which solicit improvements (Allen, et al., 2008). As suggested by Price (2006) Reflection makes a connection between theory, policies and practice required to develop evidence-based practice, professional and academic growth throughout my career; important in the development of lifelong learning (NMC (2009). Description The MDT meeting was held at the sisters office. The MDT consisted of a Ward Nurse (who was there intermittently due to staff levels), a Heart Failure Nurse Specialist (HFNS). Care Manager (Social Worker), Physiotherapist, Occupational Therapist, Doctor (Cardiologist Register) and myself. The meeting was led by the Doctor who gave an introductory overview of the Sams social situation and medical condition. The Doctor recommended that Sam was medically fit for discharge with a referral for HFNS community visits, as further health education was necessary. The physiotherapist suggested Sam was regaining confidence in her mobility but recommended further input to improve Sams balance and posture. The ward Nurse suggested Sams Nursing needs were stable and no input was required on discharged, upon this, I respectively argued that Sam discussed with myself earlier in the shift that she felt she was not coping at home and would feel more confident if she had minimal assistance with her ADLs at home. The Doctor re-directed the question to the HFNS, who re-directed the question to the Ward Nurse, both dismissing my input. At this point I respectfully assured the MDT that what I was advocating, it was also documented in Sam care plan. Subsequently, The HFNS requested Sams discharge planning to be discussed in a second meeting.. Following to this, The Occupational Therapist recommended she would liaise with Sam regarding any house equipment that would facilitate Sams ADLs. The social worker (Care manager) who would be coordinating all stages of Sams journey through hospital, up to and beyond discharge, organise possible (i) care (ii) meals on wheels. The Doctor summarised the MDT plan and rescheduled the meeting for 2 days to allow professionals to liaise with Sam in order to evaluate the discharge planning in partnership with Sam. Doctor was reluctant to reschedule and to change Sams expected day of discharge (EDD), it seemed. In the follow up MDT meeting, Sam was medical ly fit for discharge, her it seemed, had improved, as had her slightly her confidence but she could still benefit from further rehabilitation; therefore, Sam was referred to Intermediate Care Services (ICS) (Appendix 2) for further rehabilitation in the community, with out-patient medical follow up and HFNS home visits. Feelings When I asked my Mentor to attend the MDT meeting, I was excited as I was going to be able to see how the IPW provides a positive outcome for the patients. Slightly anxious but ready to be a Patient advocate. Soon it dawned on me when I was introduced to other professionals and given opportunities to work with them and I felt slightly insecure at the thought of having to expose myself to the criticisms of others. When Discussing Sams DP I commented on her behalf the feeling of slight insecurity was soon overpowered by a feeling of achievement as I was in a position to be her advocate appropriately and contribute in making a difference to her life for better. This feeling overpowered the shuttled frustration I felt when the Doctors dismissed initially my input but understandable due to my still pre-reg position, he needed reassurance as this input was going to change Sam EDD. As the meeting was lead by the Doctor I had inadvertently imposed a sense of hierarchy upon the group. I soon f elt that the hierarchy, even after the incident above, was not actually evident once a patient DP was being discussed as every professional was having a say and all professional seemed to understand each others responsibilities, roles and the documentation used involved all MDT input. I felt that through the discussions each professionals identify was gain and respect was given accordingly, although, I considered there was possibility of gaining a professional personality stereotypes and therefore ultimately a hierarchy may develop in future group meetings. By the end of it, I still felt slightly daunted to be in a MDT meeting working with professionals who knew so much (i) HFNS who developed their careers to a point of extreme knowledge, it overwhelmed me, that I am still just in the beginning of an extraordinary journey. Evaluation In accordance to Holland, et al. (2005) and Gonseth, et al. (2004) Heart Failure Nurse Specialist (HFNS) input was fundamental as HF patients as Sam require close clinical management and encouragement to manage their symptoms in order to remain in the community (James and Sarah, 2008). Furthermore, Blue, at al. (2001) randomised controlled trial suggested that HFN have the ability to focus not only on the clinical needs of the patient, but the educational and supportive needs as well as establishing effective liaison between health and social care. Although HFNS is important in the provision of Sams Good Health in the community, without front line staff (i) ward nurse to document appropriately and report to the appropriate professional and act as an advocate for patients in meeting such this, the provision of IP working and Safe Discharge Planning would be compromised (Atwal and Caldwel (2006). Record keeping was to be commended as the Discharge planning Form (DPF) (Appendix 3) was filled in from admission and updated regularly by Sams Multidisciplinary team regarding assessment, planning, and implementation and evaluation goals specific to each professional to establish safe discharge. Effective record keeping is the key factor to effective care and continuation of care of Patient; and a Code of Conduct requirement for excellence practice and care (NMC, 2009). The Community Rehabilitation/Intermediate Care Services (ICS) Appendix 3. Referral was suggested appropriately in order to meet Sams needs, in accordance with the DoH (2001a, 2001b) agrees that ICS establishes IP working and avoids duplication, enhances communication and allows each team member to view and check the patient notes at all times. Furthermore Godfrey, et al, (2005) suggests that it enhances Holistic care. According to Leathard and Cook (2009) Sams care could be considered Holistic as her physical, psychological, sociological, spiritual needs were addressed, and Sams views were considered alongside any recommendations offered by all the different multi-disciplinary teams in a mutual participation in a shared decision-making partnership. With changes in Nhs such as patient-centred care (DoH, 1998), and the establishment of sophisticated holistic approach to health and social care, one of the key features of Sams patient centred care is the development and  implementation of integrated care pathways (ii) collaborative care plans such ICS, providing Sam with a continuity of care. MDT meeting structure seemed to reflect The DoH (1998) in its drive for a first class service as staff seemed to clear understands of how their own roles fit with others in both the health and social care professions. Although, Role Clarity was predominant and significant, the Status caused distress within the MDT; it made some members feel their opinions are not as important as others (Robinson, et al., 2005). Furthermore, at certain points of the discussion the blurring of the boundaries of ones discipline Ward Nurse and (HFSN) (i) Doctor redirected the question about Sam to the HFSN first instead of the ward Nurse. I agree with Molyneux (2001) is a factor that may create a competitive atmosphere rather than a collaborative one. In addition to the group dynamics, the situation of Sam needing care set up also highlighted the tension between professionals and in a sense organizational aims and resources. Analysis The DoH (2000, 2006) stressed the need for team working to helping rove the quality of care to patients and encourage role development to meet the demands of IP working. (i) Registered nurse specialists are expanding their roles and skills in numerous clinical areas (DoH 1999, 2006) due to patients diversity of needs in todays society (Furlong and Smith, 2005). According to DoH (2000, 2003) and the National Institute of Clinical Excellence (NICE) (2003) Heart failure care and management is one of this areas which had an increase in nurse specialists (HFNS) in a broad evaluation by Patterden, et al., (2008) which showed that HFNS reduced (i) all-cause admissions by an average of 35 per cent an average saving of  £1,826 per patient is gained after the costs of the nurse have been deducted. Furthermore, a systematic review by Holland, et al., (2005) argues that HFNS management of HF associated with (reducing readmissions, improving patients quality of life, Like Sam and reducing finan cial costs is more efficient compared with medical management. In outcome, Hewison (2004) and Abbot, et al., (2005) agreed that although the development of roles and increased flexibility is usually a benefit to many  professions, it can be seen as a threat for their own interest and power status, generating a resistance to IP collaborations. Moreover according to Molyneux (2001) a tribalism sense. This is normally the professional at the top of the hierarchy (i) as when the doctor was resistant to move the EED. Furthermore, as far back as 1998 when (DoH, 1998) was published, Stapleton (1998) suggested that Collaborative working emphasis that demarcations and hierarchical relations between professions are neither sustainable nor appropriate. Although, in Sams MDT it was apparent in agreement with Hean (2006) my preliminary feelings of hierarchy are common and traditionally hierarchies place more power to the medical profession. The tension seemed in a way to be overcome through th e structured but open discussion regarding Sams needs which according to Freeth (2001) open discussion helps develop the team and recognise the benefits and the diversity and development of skills. Martin and Roger (2004) highlight that it is important to premise a clear understanding and appreciation not just for the roles but also for the pressures of other professionals (i) performance targets to meet. The Qualitative methodology questionnaire led interviews and focus group (18 cases studiers across Europe) by Coxon (2005) suggestion that IP working promotes job satisfaction, improved team working, good communication and enhance co-operation with other agencies, and identifies IP difficulties to be due to organizational boundaries and financial limits. Additionally, Hubbard and Themessi-Huber (2005) used the same method as Coxon (2005) although he identified that a main difficulty to IP is managers focusing on policies and changes of services: arranging MDT meeting whilst front line staff, as ward nurses need to adapt to practicalities of the IP. Atwal, and Caldwell (2006) argues the importance of staff ratios as a barrier to nurses developing IP practices, furthermore a study carried by both with nineteen nurses in acute health care ward, it is spotted that in MDT meetings not all the professionals involved in the care of a patient are invited and that nurses did not regularly att end the meetings due to staff ratios. Another conclusion of this study is that nurses not always express their opinion for fear of being made a scapegoat, the result from the research show as well, that consultants and medical staff usually speak first and with more confidence on all issues. In divergence, Barrett and Keeping (2005) argues that collaborative working should minimise staff pressures from a ward level to community (primary and secondary setting) but research done within this Era of IPW still shows that at a nursing level in a 2005 survey by RCN (2006) found that 49% of nurses left the NHS due to stress/workload problems. Horder (2004) and Pullon and Fry (2005) goes further to suggest to overcome the work pressure, shared decision making is the ultimate hallmark of partnership and this requires distribution of power or the empowerment of all involved within the multidisciplinary professionals in a manner that would equalize the hierarchy through (i) through IPE. It is essential that health and social care professionals realise the important of IPW as it has now been recognised that a single profession can no longer deliver the complex patient care that is demanded nowadays, a holistic approach is required (CAIPE, 2007). Rattay and Mehanna, (2008) suggest in summary that structured MDT meeting provides the discharge process with a structure that is organised professionally and timely, allowing patients to return home earlier safely, consequently reducing the NHS cost, minimising the risk of hospital acquired infections, promoting independence and enabling patients to return back to their homes and community, like Sam. Lack of co-operation between agencies has led to a failure of service (Glasby, et al., 2004). Communication within the team is also an important issue to good collaborative working, developing ways to communicate and to work together is the key for successful IP working (Abbott, et al., 2005). The NMC (2004) advises that at the point of registration students should have the necessary skills to communicate effectively with colleagues and other departments to improve patient care. Cook, et al., (2004) identify that communication and decision making are very important for teams. Larking and Callaghan (2005) argue that teams who do not regularly hold meetings for policy making and resolutions of differences, should not be considered a team, these findings are also emphasized by Molyneux (2001) who states that communication is supported with weekly MDT meetings in order to evaluate and plan patient centred care delivery. Conclusion This reflective commentary allows me to connect policies, NMC requirements, theory and practice. It provided me with the assurance that the dimensions of IPW is complex but possible in practice IPE exists. It highlighted that different professionals have to deal with their own perceptions and adapt to changes. There is no doubt that IPW promotes a better and more holistic care and the documentation in place promotes further patient-centered care. The MDT gave me the opportunity to work closely with other professionals and understanding further their roles. This will help me to effectively work together in the future. Action Plan I will allocate the Action Plans in my professional portfolio to demonstrate achievement in clinical practice linked with theoretical knowledge. All my Action Plan are made SMART Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Realistic and Time (Drew and Bingham, 2004) 1. Inter-Professional To develop an awareness of the roles and services provided in the inter-professional team and identify examples of how this is appropriate in delivering appropriate patient/client focused care. 2. Enhance my knowledge about decision-making processes within care management 3. Continue to reflect in and on Practice therefore to participate in further process of reflection to establish my own learning needs (Appendix 4).

Catcher In The Rye :: essays papers

Catcher In The Rye Holden Caulfield is teen angst bull-crap with a pickax. He's sarcastic, nasty, and completely unlikeable. He also doesn't give a crap. He is every teenager caught between the crapy little games of high school ("you're supposed to kill yourself if the football team loses or something") and the fear of adulthood ("going to get an office job and make a lot of money like the rest of the phonies"). The greatness in Holden Caulfield is that what he has to say is better than a million Celestine Prophecies or anything said by Jonathan Livingston Seagull (save for the squawks after you shoot him) or Jesus (save for the apocryphal "hey Peter I can see your house from here"). Holden Caulfield says that life sucks, everyone is a phony, and you'll be inevitably disappointed by everyone that you hold in awe. If you think that this sounds awful, ask yourself one question. When was the last time you found any joy in watching Barney or the Care Bears? It isn't just what he says but the way he says it. He goes through life making dead-on observations that completely shoot the kneecaps out from under the terminally self-righteous. When a successful mortician tells the school to follow his example and pray when things go bad, it is Holden Caulfield who points out that the guy is praying for more people to die. He's depressed by nuns and annoyed by shallow girlfriends, while in love with his platonic friend. Even more interesting is the fact that Caulfield's general pissed off attitude and his hormones are inextricably linked. He practically wants to kill his roommate, Stradlatter, because Stradlatter might have screwed a girl he desires. He guiltily admits to making out with phonies, and in a major confession he confesses to being a virgin. He gets the crap beat out of him by a disgruntled pimp after deciding that he doesn't want a to have sex with a prostitute for the silliest of reasons.(he just found it disconcerting to see her take her clothes off without fanfare.)The fact that his little brother has just died and that he's being kicked out of yet another school takes second place to the whole sex question. In other words, Holden Caulfield is a guy; stereotype away. What is also interesting is how closely Caulfield captures the attitude and culture of adolescence. There is the caste system in which Caulfield hates and wishes to be his roommate Stradlatter. Meanwhile zit-encrusted Ackley, whom he maybe should feel sympathy for, is an annoying guy that

User Sampling Methods :: essays research papers

1  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Sampling Methods When surveying, for any purpose, it is important to recognise that the results are only as representative as the survey subjects (the sample), and as such much academic research has been performed in to techniques for selection, broadly placing them in one of two categories – probability sampling and non-probability sampling. In short, with probability sampling the participants are selected by chance. There are dozens of methods of selecting members, using a variety of mathematical techniques, but the key is that each subject has a random, calculable chance of being selected. There is no human intervention involved in the selection. Method  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Characteristics Simple (random) Sampling  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The sample is selected entirely at random Stratified  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The population is first divided in to exclusive subgroups based on some predetermined criteria (e.g. location), then samples are selected at random Proportionate Stratified  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As above, but a smaller group that would otherwise not provide statistically valid results may be oversampled then the results weighted to correct for this. For example, if a particular group is too small to provide a statistically significant sample, more members of that group would be sampled Clustering  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The starting point for the sample is randomised, then assumes that the sample at that point is representative of the region. For example, selecting a street corner, interviewing the first 10 people, and assuming that they are representative of the area Table 2 - Probability Sampling Methods Non-probability samples, however, contain an element of human bias in the sample selection. Again, there are various methods for the selection, the most common of which are: Method  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Characteristics Quota  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Respondents are preselected to ensure that the sample is representative Purposive  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Subjects are selected as they have some specific characteristic, for example, hold a certain position or job type Convenience  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The sample is selected by availability Snowballing  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Contacts provide information about other potential respondents Self-selection  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Respondents volunteer themselves for selection Judgement  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  An â€Å"expert† uses his or her judgement to nominate people for sample Table 3 - Non-probability Sampling Methods Most samples use a combination of sample selection methods. For example, quota sampling is often used to ensure that a random sample is actually representative of the population. 2  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Survey types There are three basic surveying techniques that are suitable for consideration in the project: †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Interview †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Telephone †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Self Administered Survey 2.1  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Interview (face to face) This category includes in-depth interviews, focus groups and projective methods (such as word association tests) which are not suitable for use in this project. There are several distinct advantages to this type of survey, such as: †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Response rates tend to be higher than other methods †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ability to reassure the subject about their responses

Performing Arts Essay

* Dance is a type of art that generally involves movement of the body, often rhythmic and to music. * Music is an art form whose medium is sound and silence. * Theatre (also theater in American English)[1] is a collaborative form of fine art that uses live performers to present the experience of a real or imagined event before a live audience in a specific place. History The term â€Å"Performance Art† got its start in the 1960s in the United States. It was originally used to describe any live artistic event that included poets, musicians, film makers, etc. – in addition to visual artists. If you weren’t around during the 1960s, you missed a vast array of â€Å"Happenings,† â€Å"Events† and Fluxus â€Å"concerts,† to name just a few of the descriptive words that were used. It’s worth noting that, even though we’re referencing the 1960s here, there were earlier precedents for Performance Art. The live performances of the Dadaists, in particular, meshed poetry and the visual arts. The German Bauhaus, founded in 1919, included a theater workshop to explore relationships between space, sound and light. The Black Mountain College (founded [in the United States] by Bauhaus instructors exiled by the Nazi Party), continued incorporating theatrical studies with the visual arts – a good 20 years before the 1960s Happenings happened. You may also have heard of â€Å"Beatniks† – stereotypically: cigarette-smoking, sunglasses and black-beret-wearing, poetry-spouting coffeehouse frequenters of the late 1950s and early 1960s. Though the term hadn’t yet been coined, all of these were forerunners of Performance Art. By 1970, Performance Art was a global term, and its definition a bit more specific. â€Å"Performance Art† meant that it was live, and it was art, not theater. Performance Art also meant that it was art that could not be bought, sold or traded as a commodity. Actually, the latter sentence is of major importance. Performance artists saw (and see) the movement as a means of taking their art directly to a public forum, thus completely eliminating the need for galleries, agents, brokers, tax accountants and any other aspect of capitalism. It’s a sort of social commentary on the purity of art, you see. In addition to visual artists, poets, musicians and film makers, Performance Art in the 1970s now encompassed dance (song and dance, yes, but don’t forget it’s not â€Å"theater†). Sometimes all of the above will be included in a performance â€Å"piece† (you just never know). Since Performance Art is live, no two performances are ever exactly the same. The 1970s also saw the heyday of â€Å"Body Art† (an offshoot of Performance Art), which began in the 1960s. In Body Art, the artist’s own flesh (or the flesh of others) is the canvas. Body Art can range from covering volunteers with blue paint and then having them writhe on a canvas, to self-mutilation in front of an audience. (Body Art is often disturbing, as you may well imagine.) Additionally, the 1970s saw the rise of the autobiography being incorporated into a performance piece. This kind of story-telling is much more entertaining to most people than, say, seeing someone shot with a gun. (This actually happened, in a Body Art piece, in Venice, California, in 1971.) The autobiographical pieces are also a great platform for presenting one’s views on social causes or issues. Since the beginning of the 1980s, Performance Art has increasingly incorporated technological media into pieces – mainly because we have acquired exponential amounts of new technology. Recently, in fact, an 80’s pop musician made the news for Performance Art pieces which use a Microsoft ® PowerPoint presentation as the crux of the performance. Where Performance Art goes from here is only a matter of combining technology and imagination. In other words, there are no foreseeable boundaries for Performance Art. Characteristics of Performing Arts †¢ Performance Art is live. †¢ Performance Art has no rules or guidelines. It is art because the artist says it is art. It is experimental. †¢ Performance Art is not for sale. It may, however, sell admission tickets and film rights. †¢ Performance Art may be comprised of painting or sculpture (or both), dialogue, poetry, music, dance, opera, film footage, turned on television sets, laser lights, live animals and fire. Or all of the above. There are as many variables as there are artists. †¢ Performance Art is a legitimate artistic movement. It has longevity (some performance artists, in fact, have rather large bodies of work) and is a degreed course of study in many post-secondary institutions. †¢ Dada, Futurism, the Bauhaus and the Black Mountain College all inspired and helped pave the way for Performance Art. †¢ Performance Art is closely related to Conceptual Art. Both Fluxus and Body Art are types of Performance Art. †¢ Performance Art may be entertaining, amusing, shocking or horrifying. No matter which adjective applies, it is meant to be memorable.